Friday, 31 July 2020

高僧与名僧

嘎玛仁波切

导语:藏传佛教很多出家人,有的几岁就出家,学习经律论三藏和历代高僧大德的著作,就这样艰苦学习一辈子,长期修行,才能成为一名高僧和名僧。有些高僧,不一定是世俗定义上的名僧;而现在的很多名僧,也和高僧沾不上边。

我们是读佛学院出身的,从小到大经常引经据典,高谈阔论:佛的境界,菩萨的境界,罗汉的境界,罗汉与菩萨的关系,初地菩萨与十地菩萨的不同,从初果罗汉到辟支佛的不同等等方方面面,我们都要学习和研究。后来,当我开始到世界各地弘法利生才发现,出家人有这个需要,因为他们要延续佛陀的教育,延续有缘众生的慧命,为众生讲经说法,所以需要精进闻思修经律论三藏;而红尘里凡夫俗子如果整天搬着经书引经据典研讨佛、菩萨和罗汉的境界等等,对他们的解脱有什么帮助呢?

1996年,我们去尼泊尔,亲眼见到宁玛巴尊贵的夏扎仁波切是如何教弟子的。仁波切带着两大弟子闻思修佛法,一个是噶陀斯地活佛,是不丹的王族,一个是顿珠法王的转世。夏扎仁波切从来不教他们更多的佛法理论,而是一直教授《大圆满前行》和《入菩萨行论》。我很好奇,就问仁波切为何如此教授弟子。仁波切回答说,“现在作学问的人太多了,实修的人太少了。我要把这两位殊胜转世培养成实修的大成就者,不要让他们只是变成‘有名气’的活佛。”

台湾的高僧达理长老,曾问他的一位出家弟子,“你想当个高僧,还是想当个名僧?”弟子问,“师父,高僧和名僧有什么差别吗?”老和尚就跟他讲,“你要变成名僧很简单,我找一批媒体把你包装包装,三到五年你应该就是台湾很有名的大师了。”弟子又问,“师父啊,那我要当高僧呢?”“要当高僧,那你从明天开始去闭关,三十年以后再出来,那时你就是名副其实的高僧大德。”他的弟子最后选了后者,从那以后就开始闭关修行。

修行有两种方式,出家人依靠广大闻思修,听闻佛法、思考佛法,修行佛法,不仅会成为佛教大学者,还将成为大成就者。藏传佛教很多出家人,有的几岁就出家,学习经律论三藏和历代高僧大德的著作,就这样艰苦学习一辈子,长期修行,才能成为一名高僧和名僧。有些高僧,不一定是世俗定义上的名僧;而现在的很多名僧,也和高僧沾不上边。

居士们如何成就呢?你们都是社会人士,有自己的家庭、工作和社会责任。佛教里面称男居士为优婆塞,称女居士为优婆夷,和出家的比丘、比丘尼是不同的。出家人之所以叫出家,是因为离开红尘中的家庭牵绊,他们需要做的,一是了脱自己的生死轮回;一是把佛陀的教育延续下去,弘法利生。而在家居士没有那么多时间闻思修佛法,但是没有闻思,何来修行?怎么办呢?历代的高僧大德慈悲利世,把自己闻思修佛法的所有经验奉献给大家,这就是浓缩的佛法精华。

佛教的各个教派都有自己浓缩的法门,我们宁玛巴当然就是殊胜伟大的大圆满法,从初学者如何调整心态,学会正知正念,正确地面对自己的修行开始,是适合所有人成就的妙法。平时,我们要多观察自己的身口意,尤其是心。心能变成贪心、嗔心、妒忌心、傲慢心、疑心等等有毒之心,就像毒品一样,可能暂时让你感觉到快乐,但上瘾以后只会越来越痛苦,无法自拔,最后不仅会伤害到自己,还会将周围的人伤害得一塌糊涂。这种伤害,让你活着的时候很痛苦,死了以后投胎到三恶道继续受苦受难。所以,必须要重视忏悔,清净我们有毒的心,否则修行无从谈起。

因此,如果有人说他要研究佛法,研究什么呢?2500多年数不清的大成就者,已将佛法实修实证得非常透彻,不需要我们再去从浩瀚的大藏经中断章取义,不需要我们东学一点西学一点好像瞎子摸象一般。你见到的都不太一样,就容易走偏,当摸到自己认为好的那一点,就以为是佛法的全部;当摸到自己不懂的东西,恐怕就生出诽谤之心。所以,为什么说一定要皈依具德上师?八万四千个法门不是每个人都能学得会的,跟着具德上师如理如法闻思修,才不会走偏。佛教即佛陀的教育,如同从大学的附属小学到你读硕士、博士,全部成就的方法,都一应俱全,在佛法中浸泡了几十年的高僧能够带领你走上究竟的解脱之路,真正是我们世出世间的能依所依。

Why is it more difficult to develop true love and compassion than to simply speak of them? It is because in order to cultivate these, we need to first transform those adverse conditions within us that inhibit their development. 

--17th Karmapa, Ogyen Trinley Dorje

Thursday, 30 July 2020

Fear in the Six Realms

by Lama Dudjom Dorjee

Regardless of which of the six realms we enter, they are all bound by the fear of their inherent pain and suffering. Until our accumulated negative karma is exhausted, the fear of suffering and pain will not disappear. Even the happiness and great pleasure experienced by the sentient beings that inhabit the god realm are temporary. Due to this state of impermanence, these beings that live temporarily as gods experience terrible fear the moment they realise that the positive karma they’ve accumulated from previous virtuous actions has begun to run out and their descent back into the lower realms has begun.

Due to the positive karma that has brought them to their higher level of existence in the god realm, beings there have the ability to see seven days ahead of time which realm of samsara they will be falling into next, and the fear that their unimaginably pleasurable existence is about to end is compounded by the clear view they have of the suffering they will experience in the lower realms in the future.

In the demigod realm beings experience terrible fear due to their constant state of warfare; they are perpetually locked in battle with their foes, destroying each other in combat. Here in the human realm we experience suffering from our fear of old age, sickness, and death. Due to our own accumulation of negative karma, birth in the human realm creates for us an existence in which these three types of suffering are unavoidable. Although the human realm is the best realm from which to attain liberation from the cycle of samsara, if we fail to practice virtuous action in this life, our suffering will continue because we’ll remain trapped within the six realms.

In the animal realm beings experience the constant fear and tension of not knowing where they will get their next meal, as well as the fear of being eaten as someone else’s next meal! Sure, animals don’t speak our language, and they seem to have dull minds, but that does not mean they do not experience great fear as a result of their samsaric experience (that is, the constant threat of being eaten by another).

The preta realm is inhabited by hungry ghosts that constantly experience great suffering from the fear of starving to death or dying of thirst due to their previous life’s greed and lack of virtuous acts, such as generosity.

In the hell realms beings experience unbelievable extremes of scorching heat and freezing cold as a result of the negative karma accumulated through their acts of terrible anger, hatred, aggression, and violence toward other sentient beings.

We see from this overview of the suffering experienced in each of the six realms that, until we have not only purified the negative karma accumulated from past actions but also cleansed ourselves of all negative emotions which cause us to act in negative ways and plant even more seeds of negative karma, we will remain locked in this cycle of inescapable suffering and fear.

It’s true that, relatively speaking, some realms and their particular conditions are better than others, but as long as we exist within the six realms of samsara we live in the constant fear of their inevitable suffering. 


Do not blame your past karma. Instead, be someone who purely and flawlessly practices the Dharma.

Do not blame temporary negative circumstances. Instead, be someone who remains steadfast in the face of whatever circumstances may arise.

-- Dudjom Rinpoche

Wednesday, 29 July 2020

人际关系与说话技巧

白云老禅师

今天跟你们谈“人际关系与说话的技巧”。出家人,就是一个学佛的人,往往会因为学佛让自己变成一个怪人,为什么呢?大部分的情况是,对佛法、对佛教的行仪不是很熟习,所听到的都是:“你学佛了这个不可以,那个不可以!”好像硬要把一个人,逼得走上就像木头、石头一样?要了解,学佛是要学佛陀的智能!佛陀为什么强调:要具备五明十德?要具备各式各样的条件?尤其以戒定慧来说,所谓的“三无漏学”,“戒学、定学”几乎没有方便可言,可是如果谈到“慧学”呢?几乎就是“善巧方便”!唯有慧学里的善巧方便,才能够让我们面对人与事时,懂得如何去沟通、去应对,怎么去处理!所以我常说:“学佛是学智能。”

如果我们把“智能”当成佛教里的一些道理方法的话,就很难去表达,唯有懂得法在那里,才能表现智能,因为很多学佛的人都把自己停滞在戒律的限制以及行仪的要求上。所以在千佛山参学的,往往来这里挂单的很难住下去,原因有两种,一种就是讲究表相,在乎“庄严”两个字,其实庄严在佛教里,不是一个表相,是从内心的修养而展现出的端庄跟威严;如果不能把握这个重点就会变成什么?当你看到一个人学着雕刻或泥塑的佛像举着手印在打坐时,看起来蛮像一回事,其实那是物质体,像木头、石头,没有内涵!

其次就是关系到定的问题,很多人把定的功夫当成什么?“好像定就是不要动,如如不动,稳如泰山”,其实这也是错误的!定是讲究不乱,什么时候不乱?当你面对人或事的时刻,外缘可能引发你的身口意以及五蕴起变化、生作用,你很容易会乱,修定的目的何在?当你面对会乱的时刻,要能做到不乱,那才是定!绝不是盘坐着,当成是不要动,好像如如不动,稳如泰山?其实这认知是错误的,定是讲究不乱!什么时候两条腿坐在那里能不动如山,那不叫定!我常说的:“那叫土地公”。我们看土地庙里的土地公,一天到晚坐在那个地方,然后信徒去求他,怎么求?去掷筊、讲一些自己需求的……;所以就变成把自己当成一个土地公,把众生当成对你有所求,然后有求必应,“喔!这个土地公很灵……”,这都是一些奇形怪状,跟定毫无关系!

说到慧学,其实它的范围非常广泛,因为慧学是一种“表现”,从内到外,都关系到慧的表现;其次是“摄取”,当外面的色尘缘境显现在你面前,你如何去面对?如果说你内在没有修养,就很容易为色尘缘境所影响,随着缘境而转!基本问题出在哪里?就是对佛教有一些概念,但对佛法很陌生,我们不要以为“藏经”里有很多的名相、文句、文身,照那些念出来,认为这就是佛法?譬如提到布施,就说:“我要做什么样的功德,我要布施给谁,我要供养谁?”真正一个学佛法的人跟一个佛教徒,会有很大的差别,什么差别呢?如果是学佛的人,当面对人家供养、布施的时刻,不会因为布施少或供养少而不欢喜,也不会因布施多或供养多,就把他当成特殊身份;佛法的观点,是以平等心看待,佛教徒表现的就完全不一样,佛教徒常常说:“你布施的愈多你的功德就愈大,你供养的愈多,种的福田就愈深厚”,这是佛教徒的口吻;相形之下,同样是学佛的人,佛法、佛教所表现的就有差别!这个还比较好,如果是一些比较迷信的人,当别人布施、供养的时刻,很可能对方会要求“我要做什么?我要供养谁?我要做什么样的功德?……”会提出很多的想法,有的佛教徒就会说:“唉!你要供养、要布施,就不要管那么多,要晓得无相布施功德最大!”这个话听起来好像都是佛法,其实是佛教徒的口吻!为什么?很简单,因为本身对佛法不了解,从听闻中去表现,告诉人家如何如何,甚至还用一种教训人家的口吻:“我们学佛的人应该如何如何,不应该怎么样……”其实这都是佛教徒的口吻!我刚刚说,慧学是以善巧方便来表现的。因为你面对的是人,而每个人的业力、根基、智能都不相同,所以不可以全用一种模式去告诉对方、要求对方,甚至于去教训对方。

六波罗蜜,头一个就讲布施,为什么要布施?是否布施得愈多功德就愈大呢?如果是,请你想一想:有钱人拿个十万、五十万、一百万无所谓,那没有钱的人就不能布施吗?经典上有一个小故事,在一个七月十五的日子,结夏安居结束,所有的信众们都来供养出家人,释迦牟尼佛也在场,人们都很欢喜,尽自己的所能行布施、供养,而后人都走了,剩下一个小女孩,释迦牟尼佛问:“人家都走了,你怎么还不走?”小女孩很不好意思的说:“我很想供养佛陀。”佛陀说好,小女孩说:“我家里没有钱,我也没有钱。”佛陀说:“你想供养什么呢?”她说:“我费了几天的功夫,在河床上捡了七颗洁白的石头,一点瑕疵都没有,我想用这个供养佛陀,不知道这是不是一种供养?”因为这件事,释迦牟尼佛于是说供养功德。其中说明什么?“供养”是要发自内在的一份虔诚心,而不是物质多少、钞票多少,如果说一般的公务员,供养五百块、一千块,有钱一点的,供养个五万、十万,更有钱的人,百万、五百万的,其实以功德而言是相同的,因为是以你个人能做到的条件而决定,也就是你具备这种布施、供养的条件,你奉献出来,要看会不会造成伤害?如果会造成伤害,肯定的说,即使你布施、供养的再多,都毫无功德可言!因为功德之形成,是不容许有任何缺失的,所以如果你做了一份“功德”,却造成了一些伤害,那就是缺失,不是功德!

一个学佛的人,从六波罗蜜中的施波罗蜜,即可看出是佛教徒还是学佛的人,只不过大家先要了解,学佛的人也是佛教徒,可是佛教徒不一定是学佛的人,这一点要把握!常常有很多人害怕到寺院,为什么?他一个人去还好一点,没有人跟他比,假使几个人一起去,就会在那里比较,我布施、供养多少,你假使五百,那我就拿一千,好像要表现得比别人多一点,有些人家庭的预算是有一定的,他只能做多少,如果要跟人家比,最后就会造成伤害!这就是佛教徒跟学佛人不同之处,学佛人学智能,是以“慧学”来看人与事,如何能不造成伤害?这是我常说的道理,所以就造成一些信徒们误解说:“老师父常常讲布施没有功德”,其实我从来没有讲过这种话,而是说“布施要量力而为,不要造成伤害!”

我们看很多寺院,往往对一些所谓的大施主、大护法,都是一种特殊招待,我们晓得,释迦牟尼佛,几乎在所有的经典,都提出同样一个名词,“平等心”,常常有一些信徒们,以前没有接触过我们的道场,总感觉为什么千佛山跟外面不一样?你看其它山头那么有名气,收入那么好,甚至于一个法会收入就是一亿、两亿?甚至还有来挂单的外单,知道我们办一次法会,能有几百万就很不错了,在他们感觉是很奇怪的事,其实他们不是奇怪我们收入多少,总认为我们在人际关系上做得不好,的确,我们的知客部门,不会用这种心态去面对信徒!因为凡是成为出家人,现三宝相,接受供养是理所当然,绝不因为很有钱,布施的很多,就把他捧到好像跟佛菩萨一样的话,那方向完全错了!所以真正所谓现三宝相,佛、法、僧三位一体,如果自己都不去珍惜,别人怎么会看得起你!

If there is destruction of hope, there is freedom from gods [lha]; if there is destruction of fear, there is freedom from spirits ['dre, demons].

-- Machig Labdrön

Tuesday, 28 July 2020

Sending and Receiving

by Khenpo Karthar Rinpoche

Training in shamatha meditation, the basic meditation practice, is very important and will bring many benefits. With consistent practice, we acquire calmness and clarity of mind as well as a sense of mental precision. We also develop a greater perception of space, and are able to view situations properly and more precisely within this experience of space. Yet, as we work with this technique and begin to appreciate the qualities that develop from it, we should begin to develop a greater vision of what we can accomplish for other beings, and how we can best apply what we have learned to the situations around us.

Although basic meditation is extremely important, it is not the only thing you should be content practising. It does provide some sense of openness, and helps us to see our confusion more clearly and with less fear, but it does not uproot our confusion completely. Application of different stages of skillful means is necessary if we are to cut through the confusion, the paranoia, and the habitual patterns that we have developed. In this way, practising basic meditation is like sharpening our minds, facilitating our ability to appreciate and work more effectively with situations and materials that exist around us. For example, when you sharpen an axe, if you just keep sharpening it and sharpening it for no reason, there is not much point to your efforts. But, if you use it for some purpose, like chopping wood, then it makes great sense to sharpen it.

In order to further develop and integrate skillful means on the path, the openness and the firm grounding cultivated in the basic meditation practice are indispensable. Yet, if we are content to practice only the basic meditation, after a while we will not be able to do without it, and it will become just another habitual pattern or attachment. Instead of developing greater vision and sense of space, we may be developing different kinds of claustrophobia. Therefore, while the mind becomes calm, clear, and precise, it must also be playful enough to utilise the skills it has developed.

Realistically, we must be aware that as our practices become more meaningful, continuous transformations are necessary to ensure progress. We must not get so comfortable at one stage of development that we are overwhelmed by any situations of transformation. Mentally, we may have advanced somewhat, but from an ultimate point of view, we still have not achieved perfect sanity. For instance, if you are tied up, it does not matter whether the rope is black or white; as long as you stay bound, you will remain in a state of fixation and stagnation. The important thing is to get free. The practices we work with are designed to help us understand the nature of ego so we can recognise the possibilities of cutting through or unfolding the patterns of ego clinging. And if our practice — be it shamatha meditation or any other practice — is not leading in such directions, then we are missing the point. Consequently, whatever skillful means we can exercise through the practice of shamatha will aid us in fulfilling our potential for greater sanity and wakefulness.

When we talk about cutting through ego-clinging, we must not misunderstand and think that there is something substantial and solid that needs to be transferred or taken out, or that somebody could take out for us. Instead, there is something very narrow and rigid about our attitude and the way we perceive the world, and readjustment is necessary. The practice we are going to work with demands a realistic concern, not simply about ourselves, but about the environment and the beings around us; it also demands a sense of responsibility for our past, present, and potential actions. We must develop a greater sense of openness in order to accommodate situations that might demand some participation or responsibility, no matter how unpleasant or how little they accord with our desires or expectations.

To begin to nurture this understanding and vision, we can consider the traditional teachings which elucidate the Buddhist view of the nature of samsaric beings. This outlook is that all beings have been entangled in various kinds of painful confusion and paranoia from beginningless time, and there is every possibility that this will continue into the future. Comprehending this, we desire to know (and we are not afraid to actually find out) how this situation has transpired, and if there is some way we could be more responsible about it.

In traditional Buddhism, we consider all sentient beings as having once been our mothers or having acted in some protective, caring capacity toward us. Given the interrelated nature of existence, this is quite conceivable. If we sincerely probe into the situation even further, we begin to realise that we are actually very responsible for a great deal of the pain and suffering that beings are experiencing. When these beings were our mothers, they did everything possible to try to possess us, to protect us, and to bring us up, with tremendous attachment and clinging. Because of this, they developed strong patterns of paranoia, confusion, and constriction, which constantly cause them intense pain.

If you examine the relationship with your mother within this lifetime, you can begin to appreciate the frustration, the embarrassment, the difficulties, and the suffering that you have caused endless beings. She had to go through a tremendous amount of embarrassment attempting to protect you, experiencing harm and developing confusion in subtle and gross ways. No matter how demanding and frustrating it was, no matter how inconsiderate and ungrateful you were, no matter how much turmoil and chaos you precipitated, still she continued to care for and attend to you when you were unable to care for yourself. Even now, when you are grown up, she continues to cling to you and wants to protect you from various situations of fear, confusion, and so on. Whereas, as far as you are concerned, quite frankly, you have not done anything very beneficial for her. On the contrary, you have always wanted more, thinking, "Well, she didn't do this or that for me, and she could have done a little bit better in so many cases." Obviously, we have been very ungrateful and inconsiderate.

It is possible that your mother is going through the deepest suffering and confusion as a result of the patterns that were built up and the circumstances that were undergone to guarantee your very existence. Therefore, you must awaken to the responsibility you need to take. Despite any unpleasantness and pain, you must acknowledge the suffering you have caused and develop a concern for creating an environment of sanity. If you can recognise this, then — although you are confused and have much to work through — there is still a sense of courage and a determination that it is time to take sincere action. We cannot always try to hide and pretend that we do not actually see the situation. It is important that you be sincere and honest with yourself in thinking about the confusion you have brought into being. At this point you should be responsible enough to actually bring about some positive changes and contribute towards the unfolding of confusion. We should train our minds with this understanding.

Some people might take the easy way out and brush it aside, saying, "Yes, for certain individuals I might have caused problems and created confusion, and maybe there are a few things for which I should be grateful and for which I should take responsibility. But, still, there is nothing I can do about it at this point." And there are those who might say, "Actually, those other people have been responsible for the difficulties and confusion I'm going through. They are the ones who should do something about it." This just means they have shifted accountability for their own lives onto somebody else and are not willing to become responsible people. For them, responsibility is a very scary thing to handle, or even think about.

It should be quite different for someone who is a practitioner of the Dharma, having practised meditation and having some sense of who we are. Through the meditation practice we should have a sense of openness towards ourselves and others, some precision of insight, and some clarity of mind. When we see the suffering and the confusion that beings are going through, we can actually open whatever veils we have created and see that there is confusion, it is real, and it is taking place. And because we have a sense of our true essence, we can actually do something to help eliminate this suffering. A genuine desire to sincerely participate arises.

Through the meditation practice, it is possible to develop a situation of friendship with yourself, from which you can radiate friendship towards others. Although a situation may look very frustrating and depressing, it is not necessary to remain in that state of mind, and maybe you can illuminate the situation with this friendliness and generate a warm and affectionate atmosphere.

As individuals we can make contributions towards the elimination of suffering and the creation of joy and happiness. In fact, if you had a true sense of who you are and what you could accomplish, it would be so overwhelming as to cause tears of joy and enthusiasm. Therefore, you should have confidence in your ability to make large and powerful strides. After all, it is not that you are really tied down or that you have to be so uptight.

As far as actually bringing about tremendous friendship and happiness in the lives of others, and eliminating all suffering and confusions, you may have a lot of patterns that you need to work out yourself, and may not immediately be able to perform such a service. For this reason, you should first train your mind with these possibilities until you begin to appreciate who you are and what you can do. When the mind has been trained properly, your body and speech synchronise with the responsibility that the mind has taken. Accordingly, in the sutras it is said, "Remain in the meditative state of loving-kindness," which means that you should train your mind with compassionate awareness and develop your ability to actually illuminate and radiate such friendship. In order for our body and speech to spontaneously appreciate and thus support the training of the mind, we use the traditional mind training practice of Tonglen, or the "sending and receiving" practice.

In the sending and receiving practice, the mind is trained in a meditative way, with a basic understanding of the friendship and the goodness that could be brought about. There is also a sense of responsibility towards eliminating the sufferings and the confusions of others. To begin with, we sit in the formal meditation position and follow the breath. With the outgoing breath, we send out towards all beings whatever goodness, health, and wholesome situation we have. As a result, all beings radiate with goodness, health and well-being, creating an environment of richness and sanity. You can also be more specific, sending out joy and health to a particular being, such as your mother or the person for whom you have the greatest concern. Whatever seems appropriate is fine. Then, while remaining confident in your ability to accommodate the negativities of others, you take in with the incoming breath all the confusion, limitations, and sufferings of other beings.

Working with the breath in this way, you train the mind by offering others all the wakefulness you have, and by taking all the confusion and paranoia of others on yourself. It is as if a bright light were going out with the breath towards all beings, representing your good and wholesome qualities. With the incoming breath, it is as if the embodiment of all suffering were coming towards you, which you then gladly take in. This giving and taking is, in a sense, what we have been trying to do in the practice all along, but up to this point we have not been able to generate true compassion or cut through the ego-clinging. On the contrary, everything has been for the purpose of self-gratification, for protection and security, and has only resulted in greater dissatisfaction. This is why it is necessary to change your attitude and the way you relate to the world at large.

Through this practice, we are able to see ourselves more clearly and let go of our clinging, loosening the state of fixation while also generating compassion towards others. Nurturing this attitude in our minds is important, because, although we often do some sort of giving and receiving, it is always incomplete because of the self aggrandisement we seek and the doubts and expectations we have. One moment we will be glowing with a bright smile, and the next moment we will be completely frozen, because we have not been properly trained.

To that end, a vital meditation practice will be consistent and will incorporate the Tonglen discipline of sending and receiving. It will also bring positive effects into post-meditation situations. If you understand and take your responsibilities sincerely, and meditate consistently, it is entirely possible that you will have the ability to produce these effects. You will feel that everyone, no matter who they are, is actually quite friendly and amiable, and that no one intentionally means to do harm. You will begin to understand that there may be great confusion in the surrounding world, but there is also some capacity for friendship. Whatever dissonance is taking place will not be seen as intentional, but will be recognised as a result of the confusion and limitations beings suffer, and this will only inspire you to take on even more responsibility. Furthermore, in all activities you will generate kindness, tenderness, and compassion; you will speak gentle and kind words accompanied by comforting body gestures. You will be constantly giving of yourself to others. There will be no sense of self-concern or selfish pride because you will identify with the responsibilities you have taken.

There may be situations where kindness shown towards beings who cannot appreciate it, will result in projections of further confusion. However, because of intensive meditation, and because of the understanding that has been developed, you will be able to accommodate that neurosis and perceive its unintentional nature. In this state of compassion, there is a sincere desire to benefit others however we can. Because of these sane intentions and activities, there will be a great deal of inner and spiritual development. Outwardly, you become a very decent, responsible, genial person.

We like to talk about the possibilities of a sane society where everyone is responsible and can generate a friendly environment and live in a dignified, or uplifted, manner. This is definitely possible in the ordinary world, as well as in terms of the spiritual realm and the experience of bodhisattva realisation. It is not something out there beyond reach; instead, it is an inherent quality that is as close as home. It is simply a question of some work and integration. If you could become truly responsible for yourself and for others, if you could become responsible for your total liberation, then you could make a tremendous contribution to creating a very dignified and sane society. This is what the Tonglen training can bring into the world.

Whatever kinds of mental imagery occur - be they gentle or violent, subtle or coarse, of long or short duration, strong or weak, good or bad - observe their nature, and avoid any obsessive evaluation of them as being one thing and not another.

-- Lerab Lingpa

Monday, 27 July 2020

步上菩提大道

文|道宏

“未曾生我谁是我,生我之时我是谁,长大成人方是我,合眼朦胧又是谁⋯⋯ ”第一次读到顺治皇帝的这首偈语感触特别深。尤其是目睹了许多人的生老病死,出离心愈加强烈。

年轻时追求功名,依循着社会所设定的轨道前进,深怕没有工作就过不了日子,20年的屋债还清了,人生去日已比来日多。虽然说工作能体现生命的意义,但是,我深知在这充满杂草的贫瘠土壤里耕耘,只是单调的重复、生命的耗损,直至老病死。于是,我断然决定:应该走自己的路了!

探寻了大半生,去年年底我终于披剃出家了。

刚出家的感觉是脱胎换骨,“昨日种种譬如昨日死,今日种种譬如今日生⋯⋯ ”好像是新生命的开始,有一种很惬意、美妙,充满希望、阳光和期待的感觉。今生能够步上菩提大道是何其幸运,又何其不易啊!剃度只是形式,修行之路却很长⋯⋯

寓居在乡野的寺院,静、清幽。没有网络,没有电视,几乎与世隔绝。入夜,倾听万籁之音,仰望星光熠熠,凌晨“闻鸡起舞”。四点钟起身撞钟,四周寂然,惟有钟声和缓悠扬,伴随着叩钟偈,以此音声洗心净意⋯⋯ 随后,僧众一起做早课。在这里,过着质朴的生活,时而农户送来白菜萝卜,偶尔就地取材野蔬充膳,吃的是粗茶淡饭,饮的是山间流泉,天然、自然、安然!虽然刚开始“持午”有些不惯,总担心会害胃病,后来,才体会到这是最健康的养生,其实,“吃”也会有习性,晚餐的减省,得到的是无比的轻安。

刚出家最大的问题是要改掉习性,甚至一些自认为是雅兴的爱好,尽可能做到“心无所住”。 每天背诵经咒,抵御外魔、熄灭心魔;专心研读经典,才知道佛经里面蕴藏着极深的智慧,充满辩证的哲理,它对宇宙人生的洞察,对人类理性的反省,对道德行为的规范,都有深刻精辟的见解和完整的体系。只需一门深入,便足以受用一生。如果每个人能够学习一点佛学,认识缘起、相信因果,常常观照自己那颗易动的心⋯⋯ 我想,这世界肯定会很太平。刚出家辈分最小,不管你在红尘中多么名声显赫,一入空门,首先要学习谦卑,学习忍辱,学习忘我;勤修戒、定、慧三学,以一 颗出世的心做眼前的事,慈悲济世⋯⋯

很多人认为,只要做个好人,敦伦尽份,闲邪存诚,奉献家人、社会、国家,以居士的身份护法,何必要出家呢?毕竟,在现今社会上,出家有许许多多的不便,许多人会对出家僧众品头论 足、指指点点,甚至无中生有的诽谤。在家居士可以效仿维摩诘居士,其修行与境界比佛陀的十大弟子还高呢!其实,我从前也是这么认为,但是,维摩诘居士难道是像我们一样的居士?《普门品》云:“愿以居士身得度者即现居士身而为说法⋯⋯ ”维摩诘居士难道不是佛菩萨变现的?谁有资格能与维摩诘比美?再说,佛陀贵为太子都舍得放弃一切荣华富贵,许多祖师大德也都是才华出众的高人,却愿将身心奉尘刹,为什么呢?是一颗悲悯之心?是乘愿再来?或许,我打个不是太恰当的比喻⋯⋯ 出家正好像在籍的学生,居士只是走读的旁听生;在籍的学生必须尽全力做好学生的本分,荷担如来家业,续佛慧命,任重道远⋯⋯ 当然,每个出

家人都有不同的出家因缘,但可以肯定的是他们宿世种下的菩提善根,成就了今日的果报。

师父常鞭策我,步上菩提大道莫忘初心,切要以戒为师,做个有僧格的出家人。我愿以憨山大师《醒世歌》的开头几句作为座右铭:“红尘白浪两茫茫,忍辱柔和是妙方,到处随缘延岁月,终身安分度时光”,作为这篇小文的结语,愿与诸君共勉!

Feelings come and go like clouds in a windy sky. Conscious breathing is my anchor.

-- Thich Nhat Hanh

Sunday, 26 July 2020

The Secret Is Mind

by Melvin McLeod

What’s the secret of life? That’s a question that seems trite and clichéd. But actually, it’s what we all want the answer to. What’s the one thing that makes all the difference?

Our mind.

That’s what the Buddha said.

Mind is the ultimate cause of our suffering. Mind is the true source of our happiness. This is Buddhism’s central insight and the key to Buddhist meditation. It’s what makes Buddhism unique among the world’s religious and secular philosophies. Among all the different causes of happiness and unhappiness people talk about, only Buddhism says unequivocally, “Mind!”

Specifically, the Buddha said in “The Mind” chapter of the Dhammapada, “A tamed mind brings happiness.” Conversely, a wild and untamed mind brings unhappiness. Taming our wild, suffering mind is what this issue’s cover story is about.

Sometimes it feels like our mind is the enemy, full of painful fears, deep traumas, and repetitive thoughts we can’t seem to control. But it can also be our greatest friend, the source of love, wisdom, beauty, and all good qualities. According to Buddhism, transforming the mind of suffering into the mind of joy is the secret of life.

Buddhist meditators have been working on this for 2,600 years. They’ve studied the mind carefully and developed effective techniques to tame and transform it. They’re still doing it today, like the five Buddhist teachers who in this issue offer us wisdom to free ourselves from the negative mental habits that plague us.

That starts, as both Sylvia Boorstein and Lama Willa Miller teach, with making friends with our mind, which is to say, with ourselves. Loving-kindness toward ourselves is the foundation; without it our spiritual practice is always some sort of internal war, pitting one part of us against another.

When we are friends with ourselves, then we can profitably practice the two components of Buddhist meditation: mindfulness and insight. When our mind is tamed and stabilised by mindfulness meditation, then we can look deeply at the true nature of our painful thoughts and emotions. Almost miraculously, that frees us from their grip and reveals the true nature of our mind — wisdom and love.

This doesn’t mean our own minds cause all our suffering (just a lot of it). We know full well that others also make us suffer, from childhood traumas and bad relationships all the way up to fears for humanity’s future. But all that too is mind — just other people’s minds. That’s why the great Buddhist thinker Joanna Macy says in this issue that the only answer to the global crisis is a great turning, a great awakening of mind.

Because transforming mind is the secret of life. Your life. My life. All life.

It is said that if one does not know how to meditate correctly on the nature of mind, then one can fall into the wrong pot.

But if the master has the very special ability of being able to know his student’s mind, he will know whether or not they have truly experienced the nature of mind. Other than that direct mind-to-mind interaction, there is no way to know whether or not they have experienced it, because it is beyond words and concepts.

-- His Holiness Penor Rinpoche

Saturday, 25 July 2020

因果通三世 理解须圆融

大安法师

有一次,释迦牟尼佛对阿难说:“有人今世行善,到临命终时,他反而到地狱里去了;还有一种人,今世他造作了很多的恶业,但是死的时候却生到了天堂去了。”阿难尊者就不理解,为什么恶人到天堂去了,善人到地狱里去了,原因何在?善恶报应的原理怎么体现的?现在社会上一些人看到善人往往受罪、处境不好,恶人往往得势,就觉得没有因果报应。由于他就不相信因果,由此推演而不相信净土法门。这确实是相信因果的瓶颈。俗语云:“善有善报,恶有恶报,不是不报,时候未到。”此话虽浅显,道理却很明显。对此严肃的问题,如果不能得到理论上圆满的解答,因果的法则就被推翻了。推翻因果法则,善恶行为都没有依据,大家就没有理由要行善。

佛法对此问题的解答:这在法相唯识宗中称为异熟果。就是你现在造的业,是在不同时空态中报,即是异时异生而成熟果报。净土宗初祖慧远大师《三报论》讲到因果报应有三种方式:一、现报,二、生报,三、后报。异熟果即属于生报或后报。

今世行善,死后堕地狱是由于他今世行的善还没有成熟,但他前世造的恶先成熟了。他堕地狱是他前世造的地狱因在今生成熟了,他先得下地狱的报。但今世所行善,会在以后时空态受报。

今世造恶,死后生到天堂去是由于他今世的恶还没有成熟,但他前世善因先成熟了,先成熟则先受报。造恶的人前世的善先熟了,由这个善因生到天上。

这一复杂的格局,我们凡夫看不清楚,就会对善有善报、恶有恶报的因果律表示很大的怀疑,其实异熟果的情况在我们生命流转的过程当中出现很多。

例如一个修行人生了重病,那是否表明他修行没有功夫,或者修行没有用?戒贤论师是古印度的高僧大德,但是他得了一种病,痛苦到要自杀。他要自杀时,感得文殊、普贤、观音等大菩萨现前告诉他:“你原来曾经作过国王,杀害了很多众生,按你的杀业本来是要下地狱,由于你今生修道的成就,重报轻受,受人间病苦的折磨,就把你下地狱的杀业给报掉,不是说你修行没有功夫。”而且告诉他:“三年之后,大唐国玄奘法师要来向你求学。”这时候戒贤论师心境才稳定下来,慢慢忏悔业障,继续修行,病渐渐好起来。三年之后,果然玄奘法师来向他学法相唯识。戒贤论师的弟子向玄奘法师介绍戒贤论师生病的情况,由于实在太苦,那位弟子都哭得说不下去。

For the yogi who has this understanding, all virtuous and erroneous actions are liberated by the knowledge of this reality. All mental afflictions become the great primordial cognition and act as friends of the Yogi, similar to the fire burning the forest. How then could we speak to go or stay?

-- Maitripa

Friday, 24 July 2020

Nairatmya: The Transcendent Feminine Wisdom of Non-self

by Tilly Campbell-Allen

Imagine that it’s a very pleasant afternoon and you’ve decided to go out for a stroll. The air feels clean and there is just the right amount of warmth radiating from the sun for you to feel perfectly comfortable. Things are going well in your life. At this moment, there are none of the concerns that may sometimes creep into your daily thoughts. Imagine that you are, in fact, on the verge of a great, long-awaited event. Your heart is so full of joy for this, yet simultaneously you are utterly at one with this present moment. You feel love for every sentient being and in this moment, everything feels at ease.

The teachings of non-attachment slip into your thoughts. It’s an easy thought. Your spirit feels light, as if your body could vaporise and your spirit merges with the subtle energy of the universe. Detached from the petty carryings on of trivial worldly matters.

Another thought. You ask yourself, is this how bliss feels? Is this a feeling of awakening? You watch as daily life continues around you. Simply witnessing it all. There’s both a feeling of love and you wonder what that other feeling might be — sympathy? No. The term is compassion. Yes, that’s it. Compassion. The sympathy is knowing the suffering many may be experiencing. But you’re detached from such things in this moment. You remind yourself of karma at one level, and no inherent existence on another. Human suffering is as much an illusion as worldly gain. It’s all Maya.

You’re feeling too light, too beyond all the mundane. You’re just feeling too good!

In this moment of utter detachment, a very young child sees a squirrel on the other side of a fast-flowing thoroughfare, lets go of their mother’s hand, and races toward it. The mother hasn’t seen the mortal danger hurtling toward the child. You are close enough to the child to race into danger’s path and push them to safety, although there’s a high likelihood of you being hurt.

How detached are you now?

Interdependence is a fundamental law of nature. — His Holiness the Dalai Lama

We’re all responsible unto each other.

Then you realise that the feelings of bliss you were experiencing was just as much an illusion as the material world. You were drowning in ego.

I have noticed over the years that too many people completely misconstrue the Buddhist teachings of non-attachment. Sadly, this has all too often been a sort of holier-than-thou hedonism. At worst, it is used to promote a personal sensual or self-indulgent agenda. I have been involved with a spiritual collective and it slowly came out that the Machiavellian head honcho has been benefiting nicely at the literal expense of other members of the community — not that you’d believe it to hear them speak! One can only guess that they actively believe their own words.

And non-attachment has long been cited for sexual proclivities and, sadly, abuse:

I was at a lunch with the Dalai Lama and five Buddhist teachers at Spirit Rock Meditation Centre. We were sitting in a charming room with white carpets and many windows. The food was a delightful, fragrant, vegetarian Indian meal. There were lovely flower arrangements on the table.

We were discussing sexual misconduct among Western Buddhist teachers. A woman Buddhist from California brought up someone who was using his students for his own sexual needs. One woman said, “We are working with him with compassion, trying to get him to understand his motives for exploiting female students and to help him change his actions.”

The Dalai Lama slammed his fist on the table, saying loudly, “Compassion is fine, but it has to stop! And those doing it should be exposed!” All the serving plates on the table jumped, the water glasses tipped precariously, and I almost choked on the bite of saffron rice in my mouth.

Suddenly I saw him as a fierce manifestation of compassion and realised that this clarity did not mean that the Dalai Lama had moved away from compassion. Rather, he was bringing compassion and manifesting it as decisive fierceness. His magnetism was glowing like a fire.

I will always remember that day, because it was such a good teaching on compassion and precision. Compassion is not a wishy-washy “anything goes” approach. Compassion can say a fierce no! — Tsültrim Allione, from her book Wisdom Rising: A Journey into the Mandala of the Empowered Feminine (Atria/Enliven Books 2018)

The Middle Way between attachment and non-attachment: Upaya (Skt. skilful means); right action at the right time for the appropriate reason taken through compassion and wisdom.

Yet we know the teachings of the Prajnaparamita (perfection of transcendent wisdom) texts and how modern physics echoes what has been long known to ancient wisdom traditions: that truly, phenomenal existence does not exist inherently. That even by what we can measure, only a measly four per cent of the known universe constitutes our “reality.” So it would seem that there is already a lot of “unknown” to which we can awaken.

At the core of nearly every religion, of every spiritual practice, is an esoteric wisdom. And these wisdoms share many a comfy sofa with modern science. In Buddhism, the Vajrayana tradition has a personified practice that we can all attain. Although not before we generate and realise bodhicitta, the selfless concern for others.

This is the crucial key to unlocking the doors to the open space of liberation.

She is the selfless Buddha mother. She is a mother in that she gives birth to the wisdom of liberation to which we aspire. In Tantric Buddhism, she is the most highly considered spirit.

Stemming from very early India is the female Buddha from the early Vajrayana tradition, the wisdom component to the compassion of her personified partner Hevajra — the yogini Nairatmya represents the bliss attained from realising “egolessness.”

She is seated upon the dead ego in a relaxed pose, one leg extended over the symbolic lotus. She holds her right hand in a mudra that wields the traditional Chod implements of a kartika, the ritual flaying knife symbolically cutting through ignorance and cutting away the detritus of ego impeding enlightenment, and the wisdom-nectar-filled skull cap known as a kapala in her left.

I’m not sure that many of us are really ready for the unfettered reality of Nairatmya, but we can certainly start cultivating the key.

Without a result, there is no basis for the cause itself. Therefore it follows that all results are causes.

-- Aryadeva

Thursday, 23 July 2020

来时迷和去时觉

慧门禅师

我们出生到人间,是迷迷糊糊的来?还是清清楚楚的知道自己是乘愿再来?请问,有几位知道自己是乘愿再来的?你知道自己从那里来?为什么出生到人间?本期我们来谈谈「来时迷」和「去时觉」。

来时迷-因迷惑而来到人间

我们来到人间,是由于累生累世以来,经常处在迷惑的状况中,因为在上一期生命结束的剎那,我们不了解、不清楚自己要往那里去,所以,生命就随着业力牵引,来到这一生。请问,你有没有办法选择要出生在那一户人家?要当某人的儿子或女儿?有没有人事先就知道这些?都没人知道,就表示在上一期生命结束时,大家都处在迷惑的状态中,而被上一生所有的起心动念、言行和所造的业构成的力量牵引而来,就像地球的地心引力一样,只要在地心引力的范围内,不管用多大的力量往空中拋,都会掉回地面。

我们这一期的生命,就是受业力牵引,如地心引力般地把我们往下拉,所以才来到人间,使我们不但无法选择要在那里出生、无法选择在那一户人家出生、也无法选择要当谁的子女、无法选择一切。

我们想知道自己是不是迷迷糊糊的来到人间,自己是否迷惑过,并不需要回顾过去生,只要看今生今世就知道了。我们今生今世的起心动念和言行,是否清清楚楚?了了分明?是否活在当下?如果不能了解,就没办法觉知、观照自己的动作和感情的变化,无法观照情绪的流动,我们就不清醒、就是活在迷惑中,就和睡梦中一样。从自己今生是否活在迷惑中,就可追溯过去生,而知道自己过去生是否也活在迷惑中。

释迦牟尼佛在成佛之前,经过累生累劫的修行,才发愿到人间、成佛在人间。但是,各位看一看,佛陀出生到人间,是否即刻就成佛成道?或是佛陀也有迷惑的时候?

佛陀是位太子,名叫悉达多,是个独子,他父王当然希望他将来能继承王位,所以非常重视他,出生时请了很多有名的占星家和相士来替太子相命。

所有的占星家和相士看了之后只说:「太子看起来有两种很极端的命。一种是可能继承王位,会经常带兵打仗,征服全世界,成为人类有史以来最英武的战士,成为版图最大的国王。还有一个可能,他会去当乞士(就是修行者)。」父王说:「怎么可能?当了乞士又会如何?」占星家说:「即使当了乞士,他也会成为全人类最有名望、品德最高尚、生命最完美的乞士,而且将成为全人类的精神导师。」

国王听了占星家的话开始防备,不让太子离开皇宫、接触到乞士、更不让太子了解乞士的生活。接着,国王刻意制造很好的环境,包括服侍太子的仆人,统统都都是年轻美丽的;太子看到的人,都穿著华丽的衣服。

每天晚上太子睡觉后,国王还叫仆人把枯枝、把雕萎的花瓣全折下来,好让太子第二天醒来,一张开眼睛,看到的全是生机盎然、开满美丽花朵的花园。

悉达多从出生后,就被父王拘限在皇宫里,过着无忧无虑的生活。国王认为,在这种情况下,太子绝对不会想去当乞士,也不会想到人间还有乞士这种行业,而太子也一直过着这种富贵的生活,不晓得外面的世界是什么样子。悉达多长大了,一样娶了太子妃,一样生了小王子。

有一次,他和马夫偷溜出皇宫,看到很多人在田里工作,这是他从来没看过的。他问马夫:「这些人在做什么?」马夫说:「他们在种田。」太子又问:「需要这么辛苦种田吗?」马夫回答:「假定没有这些人种田,我们就会饿死。」太子觉得很奇怪,没有东西吃,会饿死?怎么死?

又走没多远,太子看到有人托着钵向人要饭吃,太子又问:「他们在做什么?」马夫回答:「他们没有饭吃,在当乞丐。」又走了一段路,太子又看到很多人抬着一个人在哭,于是问:「那个人为什么被抬着,为什么不自己走,为什么那么多人在哭?」马夫说:「那个人死了,他的家人很伤心,所以哭。」

太子觉得更奇怪了,人会死吗?因为他从来没有看过老人,也没有看过死人,他看到的都是年轻、漂亮的人,根本没想过人会老、会死。他问:「人都会死吗?」马夫回答:「没错!就是太子,你有一天也会老、会死!」这时,太子感到非常震惊、害怕,连忙说:「赶快回去,我不要死!我要永恒的生命,我不要有这样的苦。」

回宫后,悉达多百思不解,最后终于偷偷地离开了妃子、儿子,半夜跑出皇宫,去寻求让生命永恒的方法。

你看,佛陀在未成佛的这一期生命前,是相当有修行的,而且发愿到人间修行,示现所有众生,即使这样,都还被他父王保护,弄得整个皇宫没有悲伤、老、病、更说不上死了。在这种环境中,他一样过得迷迷糊糊的。等他离开皇宫,看到有人受苦、死亡,他生命之湖顿时被丢下一块大石头,生起涟漪,而震撼了他的心,激他决心寻求生命的永恒。离宫后,他开始到处拜师,努力修行,最后才成佛成道。

在舒适的环境中,就连佛陀都会产生迷惑,何况我们凡夫俗子?稍微环境好一点、身体感受舒服一点,就什么都忘光光,以为人间没有苦,都是快乐的。

我们来到人间,无时无刻不是处在迷惑的情况下;我们修持佛法、禅法,就是为了跟佛陀学习寻求永恒生命的方法,依照佛陀苦修后所找到的方法,按部就班如法修行,去实修实证,这样我们才能找到永恒的生命。一个人假定从没激起要寻找永恒的生命、激起要揭开生命奥秘的念头,99.99%都生活在迷惑之中。

因迷惑而没有喜悦

有一位老先生,九十岁生日时接到五个儿子的祝福,说他们每个人都在纽约读完大学,个个都很有成就,也都达成父亲的愿望。

老先生如何让儿子实现他的愿望呢?原来老先生是位农夫,不识字。有一次,为了和人家打官司而到法庭,法官高高在上坐着,喝斥他,又做了对他不公平的裁判。他回家后就发誓,一定要他的大儿子将来读法律、当法官。

又一次,老先生半夜生病,家人送他到诊所,医生竟然不开门,让他痛得几乎要死。于是,他又发誓,第二个儿子将来一定得当医生。又一次,老先生又和人打官司,律师拿了他很多费用,结果官司还是打输,他很生气,回家后,叫第三个儿子以后一定要当律师。

就这样,一个个儿子都被他安排。几年后,儿子都到纽约读书,在他九十岁生日时,第四个儿子也当了大学教授。儿子们写信回来,老先生很高兴,于是决定趁着生日去纽约看看儿子们,因为儿子都完成他的愿望了。

儿子们听说爸爸要来纽约,都很紧张,这下糟糕,所有的话都是骗爸爸的!那有人当医生、当律师、当教授的?爸爸来了,岂不就穿梆?于是个个去拜托朋友帮忙掩饰,甚至借个诊所来假装一下。

爸爸来了,一家一家去看,觉得很不错!想想,干脆不回家了,就和儿子们一起住在纽约。最后不得已,儿子们只有露出狐狸尾巴,一个个去跟老爸说,他们并没有当医生、律师、教授。老先生难过地问:「怎么老是没看到小儿子?」儿子回答:「因为您要他读什么,他读不来,跳楼自杀了,为了不让您伤心,所以一直没说。」最后,九十岁的老先生伤心的离开纽约,回到老家。

你看,这位父亲在迷惑状态中过了九十年。在他整个人生过程中,为了达成自己的愿望,把小孩逼成这样,还口口声声说,是为了他们好、为了让他们不会被欺负,半夜生病了还可以自己看病。这位活了九十岁的父亲,是聪明?还是迷糊?假定你也把小孩逼成这样,你满意吗?

我在台北士林如来禅蓬,每年寒暑假都举办很多梯次的禅七,参加的人,从小学一年级到大专生都有。曾经有一对父母带小朋友来跟我说,他们家有两个小孩,一个很乖,一个很坏。我问:「你怎么认定一个很乖、一个很坏?」妈妈说:「乖的那个,我叫他往东,他就往东;坏的那个,我叫他往东,他偏偏往西。」这位妈妈认为不顺从的、叛逆的,就是坏的。很多父母都这样,对不听话、不顺意的孩子,就认定是坏,就算他十件事有九件做对,也看不到,只一件事做错,马上就看到。而对那听话的小孩,十件有九件做不对,也看不到,十件事只做对一件,马上就赞美他。小孩在这样的教育环境下心态会平衡吗?

事实上,听话的小孩有好、有坏,不听话的小孩也有好、有坏。父母不应以孩子的听话与否来分别孩子的好坏,小孩都是一样的,只是教育的方法有别而已,端看教育时是否给他适当的启发和引导?有没有激发他的潜能、让他得到发展?

假定每个人都是乖乖牌,这样还会有爱迪生吗?假定爱迪生天天逃学,他的父母天天抓他回学校读书,他不可能发明电灯,有叛逆性的小孩,有开创性大;没叛逆,就不会有发明和创新。我们都认为:「听我的话才对!不听我的话,一定不对!」可是,听话的小孩才一定对吗?不听话的就不对吗?

各位活了三、五十年,你的内心经常有喜悦吗?能不能没任何原因,就有快乐?能不能?如果不能,那么孩子听我们的话就对?不听就不对吗?假定做父母的,要靠外在条件给予才会快乐,那就表示自己是处在不清醒的状态中,那有能力判断孩子的好坏?又怎能教导孩子,让他不需靠任何外在的原因,生命就能充满喜悦呢?

有一位师姐抱怨她先生不好。

我问她:「你先生有什么不好?」

她说:「我先生若像隔壁太太的先生,每天下班回来就送一朵玫瑰花给我,我就会很快乐,但是他偏偏不送。」

「还有吗?」我再问她。

「假定我先生像隔壁隔壁太太的先生那样,每个月领那么多薪水,我一定就会很快乐。」

「还有吗?」我再追问她。

「假定我先生像隔壁隔壁隔壁太太的先生,每年都升官,我就很快乐。」

你看,自己不快乐,却怪先生没像别人的先生一样,给她那么多。

我再问:「还有吗?」

她说:「假如我先生能像隔壁的隔壁那位先生一样,每年换新车,我就会更快乐。」

我告诉她:「你的快乐基础完全建立在外在事物上,有了外物,你才快乐,否则你就不快乐,这表示你是处在迷惑状态中。」

一个月以后她又来了,我开玩笑地问她:「那个每年换新车的先生,他太太快乐吗?」

她说:「没有!那个先生换新车就去喝酒兜风,结果发生车祸死了。」

我又问:「以前你不是希望先生每年换新车,这样你就会快乐吗?」她默而不答。

由感官、身体觉受的快乐,都是短暂的,也不是真正的喜悦。透过禅的修持,不必靠外在事物、环境,自然会有喜悦,这样才是真正找到生命的真谛。否则,就是处在迷惑之中。

还有一位六十几岁的师姐,她说她高二就谈恋爱,家人都反对,但也阻止不了,在男友当兵的前夕,她跟男友去基隆走走,整夜未归,回来后怀孕了。因男方当兵去了,父亲就逼她嫁给他中意的女婿,她被迫嫁过去以后,生了两儿一女。一直到五十岁,先生死了才结束这段婚姻。

有一次,她在路上遇到当年谈恋爱的男朋友,他也结婚了,在日本当厨师。后来两人结婚了,一起到日本生活,一段日子后她发现十八岁初恋时认识的那个人,和现在跟她姞婚的这个人已不一样,所以很苦恼,心情很恶劣,整个家被她弄得乱七八糟。

上礼拜郑老师来演讲,提到他的母亲中风,躺在床上七、八年。刚开始头几年,他每天晚上二个小时要帮母亲翻身一次,到往生前一、二年,半个钟头就要帮她翻身一次。有一天晚上,他帮妈妈翻过身,刚要去睡,他妈妈忽然叫苦、叫痛。他走过去对妈妈说:「不是儿子不帮你翻身,儿子明天还要上课。假定二、三十分钟帮你翻一次身,我明天就没有精神上课了。」结果,他的母亲爱子心切,咬紧牙关强忍着苦,晚上不再叫痛,那时,他也迷迷糊糊的不知道。等到他母亲过世后,他禅修打坐,母亲的病苦影像,在他眼前呈现晃动,他才体会父母对子女的爱,是多么的刻骨铭心;没当过父母,便无法体会。所以他每次打坐坐到腿酸腿痛时,就想:「这个痛,会比妈妈躺在床上不能翻身的痛,还痛吗?」因此,激发他勇猛精进的心,要把修行的功德回向给往生的母亲。

一个人迷惑时,就会一直停留在混乱的状态中。请问各位,从出生到现在,有没有迷惑过?迷惑没关系,只要知道迷惑,知道要来修行,就表示有一天你会清醒。

因迷惑而没有活在当下

要从迷惑转为清醒、觉悟,有时需要经过相当长的时间。我们虽有眼可看、还会吃饭、走路,好象很清醒,但是,就佛陀来看:只要脑筋没活在当下、没觉知当下在做什么、没观照当下的起心动念,就是处在迷惑的状态中。所以,一个人,只要他的脑筋经常转动,经常忆念过去,或梦想未来,这时他的心就不清醒,就是处在迷惑之中。

我的故乡有两位种田的阿伯,他们的田一上一下,水从上田的田埂流到低下的田。下田的农夫,每年收成后,就把田埂除掉一些,结果,上田的水就积不起来。上田的农夫只好拿土来填补,再填成一条田埂。过一年,又被下田的农夫锄掉一半,锄没几遍,下田就占了上田的一条田埂。上田的农夫愈想愈气,怎么可以这样?我每年补,你每年锄!于是两户农家就打起官司,各自找门路委托律师打官司,一打十多年,一直告到上田的农夫赢了,要收回田的时候,才发现两家的田都要卖掉才能支付诉讼费用。所以,人一迷惑了,就会造成不堪收拾的后果。

我读大学的时候,有一位朋友,每次找他去郊游,他都说:「不行,我明天一定要去做礼拜。」我问他:「为什么每逢周日都要去做礼拜?」他说:「你不知道,从礼拜一到礼拜六,我每天都要打麻将,只有礼拜日才能去忏悔。」他就这样连续过了四年。你说,他这样是清醒的吗?

一个人出生到人间,无时无刻不是处在这种迷惑的状况下。

我朋友的父亲,在刚开放观光的时候到美国玩,回来后我们问他:「美国好不好玩?」他说:「很好玩、很好玩!我给你们看照片就知道了。」他一边翻照片,一边说:「这是那里那里,很好玩。」我问他:「你在玩的时候,有没有仔细看?」他答:「那有时间看!一直照相而已。」

你看!去美国玩,是回来玩照片,不是在美国玩。他有没有活在当下?没有!

没有禅修的人,就永远活在过去、活在未来,无法活在当下。真正有禅修的人,当他去观光的时候,他就活在当下,拍不拍照是一回事,把生命融入当下的景观,才有意义。否则回来玩照片,然后看照片时,觉得奇怪,张张好象不认识、没去过的样子。你们有没有过这种情形?

有一次,禅修的时候,我教学员专心数息。在静下来之后,突然有一位师姐一直哭。我觉得奇怪:「参加禅修,怎么会一直哭?」禅修结束后,我就问她:「你到底哭什么?」这一问,她哭得更厉害说:「师父,你不知道,我愈想愈生气!」我问她:「有什么好生气?」她说:「我和我先生结婚十多年,他从来没带我们出去玩。上个礼拜约好带我们去郊游。那天早上,他起床后就翘着腿看报纸,我准备饮料和点心,整理好进去洗把脸、擦个胭脂。我先生就在外面大叫:“要去玩,还要人等那么久!”」

她想结婚十多年,反正被骂惯了也没怎样。可是当她一打坐,因为没办法活在当下,只好想过去的事,一想:奇怪,十多年前先生追她时,站岗一整天也没叫久!现在,带家人去玩,擦个胭脂,顶多不过五分钟,他就在楼下大呼小叫,左邻右舍都听得到,所以伤心哭了。

你看,像他们这样,有没有迷惑?

因迷惑而不能自己做主

一个人处在迷惑的状况下,就会痛苦;你们有没有迷惑?

听众:「我最大的疑惑就是:我们为什么要来人间?」

为什么人要出生到人间?我们到人间要做什么?当一个人起了疑惑时,才会精进修行。而我们为什么到人间?要透过禅法、佛法的修行,自己才会了解的。总之,是自己过去生由于贪、瞋、痴、爱、慢、疑、邪见覆盖自己明亮的心,让我们活在迷惑中,才会随着业力牵引,而出生到这个人间来。

有一位师姐和先生的感情很好。她先生的事业做得很大,也赚了很多钱;但是她从结婚到现在,小孩都读大学了,还要忍受先生的酒癖。每晚,她先生喝酒回家,就到处乱吐,乱丢东西,半夜到处打电话给朋友、干扰人家休息,她就得在背后向对方致歉,还要去收拾他吐的东西。就这样,结婚二十多年,几乎天天都在过这种日子。她很困扰,但又很爱她先生,怎么办?我跟她讲:「你出生为人,又嫁给你先生,所有的事情你都做得心甘情愿,只有境界来了,才心不甘情不愿,但第二天你还是高高兴兴,没要求离婚。这就是你前生爱上你先生,发愿下一生还要嫁他。现在不是他酒癖有多坏的问题,而是你自己要来修忍辱,所以在这一世嫁给你先生,天天受这种苦,天天修忍辱行。」像她这样来人间嫁给她先生修忍辱,她的上一生,是迷惑还是清醒?她一定是处在迷惑的状态下,才会欣赏她先生,并且愿意下一生再嫁给他,来收拾他酒后的混乱场面。

追根究底,我们的心,生生世世都被贪、瞋、痴、爱、慢、疑、邪见覆盖着,让我们无法看清一切事相;就像阳光本来照耀大地,突然一朵乌云飘来,把阳光遮住,这时,大地就布满阴影,天也暗下来,就看不清楚了。我们的心也一样,本来,我们的心和阳光一样,因造作恶业,贪心一起,就带进一朵乌云;瞋心再一起,又飞进绵密的乌云,把我们的心光全部盖住,让心光照射不进,因此我们的内心就处处布满了阴影,无法看清事相,而活在迷惑中无法自己作主。这时,我们当然是不清醒的。

我们会来人间,就是过去生的迷惑,让我们无法当自己的主人,无法决定要不要到人间及出生到那里?

今天不能自己做主,是因为过去生的修行不够,导致内心阴影太多,多到看不清,这样就迷惑了。当人不清醒的时候,就会随着业力的牵引而来到这一生。但是大家不要灰心,说不定各位都跟释迦牟尼佛,和诸佛菩萨一样,是发愿要来人间度众的。

看到那么多人迷惑,还执着自己的身体、执着感官的快乐而造作种种恶业,就知道我们的前生也是迷惑的,才让自己迷迷糊糊地被业力牵引来到人间,还不能当自己的主人!

虽然如此,能到人间还算是非常幸运的,还有很多众生不能生到人道。今天大家能在这里舒服的坐着听闻佛法,想想看,为什么我们能生而为人,又能听闻佛法,而不是生为一头猪,正在高速公路上,要被运去屠宰场?这是因为我们在过去生虽然迷惑,但还有修行,所造作的恶业还不多,才能出生为人。

既然今生能生而为人,人身难得今已得,尤其,现在又能听闻佛法、修持禅法,就要珍惜这一期的生命,好好修行。

透过禅的修行,当我们能明心见性,能当自己的主人时,就不会被贪、瞋、痴、爱、慢、疑、邪见干扰,就有办法不再迷惑,也不会继续造作恶业;到这期生命结束时,就能在觉悟中做好自己的主人,愿意到那里就到那里,不会迷迷糊糊地随着业力牵引。所以,我们来修持佛法,最重要的就是活在当下,做好自己的主人,清清楚楚的知道自己的心念,让言行深植于心念,统合一致,这时,我们才可能脱离一切迷惑;否则,我们就无法清醒,继续处在迷惑状态中。唯有透过参禅打坐的修行,才能有所证悟,才知道如何拔除这一生的迷惑,让自己即刻觉悟,清醒的了解路该怎么走,该透过什么法门,让自己的生命活在自己的「神识」里,而不是在迷惑中随波逐流,这是非常重要的。

去时觉

释迦牟尼佛慈悲心切,把自己成佛的修行方法传授下来,历经二千五百多年,经过高僧大德的如法修行,得到验证而达到成佛的境界。为表对诸佛菩萨敬仰与感恩,礼佛的时候,可观想是在礼拜我们的自性佛、自性法、自性僧。

因为佛陀在看到天空最后一颗星星消失而成佛时,就表示:一切众生皆有如来德相。也就是说,我们每一个人,包括在场的各位菩萨,都一样的具备有跟佛陀相等的佛性。这一拜拜下去,我们也是在拜自性清净的佛心佛性。所以我们不要轻视自己和佛陀相同的佛性,因而要以最虔诚的心顶礼三拜。

拋掉无明的恐惧

各位,从你出生到现在,短短几十年内,你是否想过,当你这期生命结束,「神识」要离开躯体的时候,躯体会消失到那里?你的神识和生命将会到那里?

我们来到人间,游戏一番,不想在人间继续游戏时,竟像迷途羔羊一样,找不到回家的路,这样是很可悲的!

死了以后要去那里?你再怎么害怕、恐惧,也做不了主,你会怕,是在生命还没离去的时候,八苦交煎、死到临头,面临死亡的那一刻、那一幕,才会害怕。就像开车,当你愈开愈快时,突然看到车祸,路上躺了好几个人,血流满地;那时,你就会意识到自己生命脆弱,跟死在路上的人一样,不堪一击,随时都会没命,你才会生起一丝丝的惧怕。表面上虽不觉得有什么好怕,但你内心深处,却会生起一股无明的恐惧。

为什么面临死亡的那一刻会害怕?死的那一刻真的那么痛苦吗?死的那一刻我们真的做不了主吗?我们内心深处的心光,生生世世被无明覆盖,内心充满黑暗,使内心活动在黑夜里摸索;也就是说,因为心光没显露,我们才看不到内在世界的路,才会有无明的恐惧。既然知道有无明的恐惧,我们就必须投注这一期的生命,来探索、揭开它的奥秘;打开心,让心光显露出来,照明一切!就像在黑暗中点一盏灯,内心得到明亮,就觉得安全了。我们听闻佛法,就是要找一条可行的路,袪除死亡时内心面临的恐惧。

唤醒昏睡的真心

现在,请各位面向佛像,把眼睛张开,好好的注视着佛像;眼皮不要动,眼球也不要转动,让它固定在一个方位上。

这些佛菩萨,经过千万劫、累生累世的修行,得到大彻悟,他们的心,时时刻刻非常清醒,分分秒秒都在唤醒自己的真心,不让自己的真心进入昏睡状况。这些是觉悟后所具备的特质。

虽然我们自认很清醒,会走路、吃饭、洗澡、大小便,还会把眼睛睁得大大的,老是东挑西拣的看别人的过错,这样那会不清醒呢?但是,以诸佛菩萨角度来看,我们眼睛睁得大大的,专去看别人的错误,这种心不是清醒,而是处在昏迷的状况中。

所以,诸佛菩萨看我们,跟我们自己看自己,其中的差距实在太大了,甚至反向而驰。当我们没透过佛法的修持,而自认很清醒的时候,其实是不清醒的。假定我们要跟诸佛菩萨学习,最起码,就要跟佛陀学习分分秒秒唤醒自己的真心,让我们永远都活得清清醒醒的。

到底心在什么状况下才叫清醒呢?佛陀告诉我们的,就是我们的每一个心念,都只维系在当下,这个时候才叫清醒。假定我们的心经常活在忆念过去、迷恋过往的云烟,那我们的心就像吃了迷幻药一样,会处在不清醒的状况下。

佛陀又告诉我们,如果心没活在当下,而一直忆念过去,或梦想未来;梦想下一刻会比现在更好、明天会比今天更好…,我们就是不清醒的。请问各位,你的每一个明天,可能比今天活得还喜悦吗?相信会这样的人不多。所以,用佛陀的眼光来看我们,只要我们的心念一落入忆念过去,梦想未来,就是不清醒的。当我们梦想未来,就像有些国中生吸安非他命一样,在他脑筋里产生孙悟空七十二变的幻影,所有幻化的影像,都在梦幻中生起短暂而虚假的快乐。请问,那种快乐是真实的吗?是永恒的喜悦吗?

我们跟佛陀学习,就是要清清楚楚的知道,佛陀是透过禅定的功夫,而大开智慧成佛成道的。我们要做到跟佛陀一样清醒,就必须修持禅法,按照佛陀修行成佛的途径,一步一步地如实如法修持;这样才有办法把内心的迷惑,一层一层的厘清,这样心就不需要靠外在事物的麻醉才感到快乐。

我有个朋友跟儿子各自经营一家公司,两人都喜欢到卡拉OK、KTV去喝酒唱歌。很巧,父子都喜欢到同一家KTV去唱歌;更巧的是,两人经常坐在离得不远的地方喝酒。每当两人都喝得烂醉的时候,不是爸爸吃过「摊」,就是儿子搬过桌,两人就聊起来,说来说去,父亲不认得儿子、儿子也不认得父亲。

父亲问:「你贵姓?」

儿子说:「姓某某。」

「啊!跟我同姓。」父亲说。

儿子就反问了:「你住在那里?」

父亲回答:「我住在忠孝东路四段、几号、几楼。」

儿子一手拍着父亲的肩膀说:「真巧!我也住在那一楼、那一号。」

父亲就说:「既然这么巧,晚上我们就一起回家。」

结果,每次喝醉酒,两人就结伴回家。回到家,儿子醉得不省人事,不能进房间睡觉,在客厅就撂倒了。父亲喝酒的经验多,「老神在在」,还会回房间睡觉。第二天早上,父亲醒来,走进客厅要看报纸,看到儿子在客厅睡觉,就破口大骂:「年轻人睡得那么晚,还每天喝醉酒。」就把儿子叫起来。儿子睁眼一看,原来是父亲叫他,就一面走进房间,一面自言自语:「奇怪!昨天晚上喝醉一起回来的,不就是你?」

你看,父子两人每天靠酒精来麻醉自己,以为很快乐,他们这种生活是清醒的吗?所以,只要我们一再攀着感官的快乐,认为这才是快乐的根源和依据,就会像这对父子以喝酒麻醉自己,还自以为非常快乐一样。

假定我们要像诸佛菩萨一样大彻大悟,成为觉悟的人,最起码,我们先要时时刻刻、分分秒秒唤醒我们的真心,让心清清楚楚的。现在,我们就随着佛号,让佛号引领我们跟诸佛菩萨一样,分分秒秒唤醒自己的真心。(持佛号,绕佛行香)

觉知一切的言行

要像诸佛菩萨一样成为觉悟的人,除了要分分秒秒唤醒自己的真心外,还要觉知,清楚自己的言行,清清楚楚的知道自己的一举手、一投足,到底在做什么?假定没具备这种清清楚楚的觉知,就无法成为觉悟的人。请问大家刚才在行香的时候,很清楚自己的每一个脚步吗?清楚自己的脚提起来、放下去,每一步都很清楚!

当脚放下去,脚底和地板完全接触时,你有没有清清楚楚地觉知,自己的脚和宇宙大地接触,而让你的心透过清清楚楚的觉知,进入宇宙大地?

现在,把眼睛闭着,慢慢坐下来,要清清楚楚自己的动作,身体是怎样弯下去,坐下去,清楚吗?坐下去的时候,是否清楚身体在动,脚在动?

眼睛闭着,把右手慢慢举高,把你的心跟着手的动作慢慢举起来。左手也慢慢举起来,两只手同时慢慢的放下来。从前,当你的手在动时,你是不是也那么清楚手的移动?现在,你举手的每一个过程都很清楚、心没有纷乱、没有想到别处,成佛的人,就是要有这种觉知心。

有位国中二年级的学生吸食安非他命,时常在学校跟人打架,他的父母每天打他,都没效。去年他到禅蓬参加七天的禅修,回去后,竟然能很清楚的知道他自己在做什么。有一次下课,他的毒瘾又生起,就在这时,他很清楚自己想冲出去买安非他命来吸;当他冲出去的时候,他发现“自己要跑去买安非他命的动作”很粗鲁,因为在禅七时学到如何觉知自己的动作,所以马上回头,没有去买。当天回家,就请父亲带他去戒毒。

一个人能学习佛陀,觉知自己的每一个动作,清楚自己的每一个心念,就能判别自己所做的事是对的、还是不对?这时,就能觉知自己的行为是假、还是真。你看,在禅七里只学到如何觉知自己的行为,他却能将毒瘾来及冲出去想吸毒时,看得清清楚楚,进而克服毒瘾,不再继续吸食安非他命。

要成为一个大觉悟的人,就要时时刻刻清楚自己的行为、言语,要觉知言行的每一个细节。这样,才可能从昏迷不醒的状况,转变为清清楚楚的觉知。

有些小孩想偷拿父母的钱,向父母说谎;假定他有这种觉知的能力,当他把抽屉打开,手要伸进去拿钱的时候,他就会很清楚地缩回他的手,而不会做出偷钱的越轨行为。

一个人在做坏事的时候,只要能清清楚楚的觉知自己的每一个动作、行为,这样坏事就不会继续做下去,坏习性也自然会拔除。因此若要成为觉悟的人,就一定要清清楚楚的觉知,这样,才能分辨才不会继续做恶。

观照内心的世界

让你的心跟着你呼吸的空气流动,你呼吸的空气到那里,你的心就跟到那里;不要走在前面,也不要落在后面。你的心和呼吸的空气流动是同步的,不超前也不落后。你慢慢看你的呼吸—不是用肉眼看,而是用心眼去看,看你内心世界,这就叫「观照」。观照内心感情的变化、观照情绪的流动、观照自己的起心动念。假定要学习观照,就要先学习观照自己的呼吸。你若能将呼吸看得清清楚楚,这样不管在什么状况下,不论在人多或安静的地方,或在打坐的时候,你都一样能清清楚楚地看到自己内心世界的变化——这就是观照。如果不会观照,就没办法像诸佛菩萨一样把真理认出来。

以前,你曾经听过自己呼吸的声音吗?曾经让心跟呼吸同步进出吗?可能你活了三~四十年,四~五十年,都不知道自己在呼吸。所以,看呼吸,就是学习诸佛菩萨观照的起步方法。要成为大觉悟的人,就一定要透过禅法来训练心;能看出内心世界的变化,才能真正找出真理。透过禅的修持,就能慢慢发觉到自己什么时候开始要生气、要忧伤,也能发觉自己心里正在想什么,甚至连心的变化,都能了了分明。

有一位刚退伍的年轻人,还没找到合适工作,就来参加禅七。一开始,他无法接受这种严格的修行方式,到第五天早上,我教他们朝山,他也不接受。我走到他身边,轻轻地告诉他:「年轻人!你知不知道,你找工作,为什么老板都说你很优秀,却叫你回家等消息,但是一个礼拜、二个礼拜,你都等不到消息?因为大家看到你,都敬而远之,打发你走。」

因为他心中的怨气,经常流露到他的脸上和动作上。所以我告诉他:「你既然来参加禅七,何不照师父教的方法,完全接受?就算接受了而没什么帮助,对你也没损失,为什么不试试看?试了,你心中的云烟消散了,就能看出自己的内心发生了什么变化。」后来,他很认真的朝山,一直拜,拜到额头流血,还沾着小碎石块。从那天早上起,他很认真学习。到第七天禅七结束,心得分享时他说:「我觉得很高兴,在这七天里,我学到观照自己内心的变化,现在,只要心里开始生气,就看得到;开始愤怒、埋怨,也看得到。因为看得到,竟然可以把这些负面的情绪,转化为欢喜的。所以,能观照自己内心的世界,是很重要的。」

假定有观照能力,在能量要酝酿、要形成之前,就能看出能量要跑到那里去,这样我们的脾气就会愈来愈小、生气的次数也愈来愈少、愤怒的时间也愈短。一个没有观照的能力,他就会时常生气,要觉悟,就要有这种了了分明,禅的修持,就是修持这种了了分明的观照能力。

显露本有的心光

听闻佛法、修持禅法,就是要来洗涤、扫除我们生生世世被三毒污染、无明覆盖的心,让它逐渐显露出本具的心光。

具备穿透的能力

要觉悟,除了具备清醒的心、清清楚楚觉知的心、了了分明观照的心以外,还要让我们的心光能显露出来,更重要的还要具有穿透的力量。

人往往只用肉眼看到有形象、有物质、有表面的东西而已,而忽略了心也时常受到形象、物质的蒙蔽而没穿透能力,心不能穿透幻化、虚假的表面,进入事情的核心,去看事情的真相。所以,透过禅的修持,就是使心有穿透能力。

苏东坡是一位相当有禅定功夫的大诗人。有一天,他问佛印禅师:「你看,我坐在这里像什么?」佛印禅师说:「我看你像一尊佛。」苏东坡又问:「你看我像一尊佛,你知道我看你像什么吗?」禅师回答:「不知道。」苏东坡说:「我看你像一堆牛粪。」

苏东坡这么有修行的人,都没穿透能力,他的心眼被牛粪涂满了,所以看出去的事相就像牛粪。一个人的心眼被什么蒙蔽了,他看到的事相便是什么!就像我们看某人不顺眼,他一样也看我们不顺眼。因为我们都戴着有色的眼镜去看人。所以,透过禅的修持,就是要使我们像诸佛菩萨一样,具有清净的穿透能力。

佛陀成佛后说:「一切众生皆有如来德相。」因为他看得很清楚,每一个众生的心性都是清净的,完全和佛陀一样。但是我们现在看事情,能深入而穿透外表,进入它的核心和实相?或是只看到表面?假定没穿透能力,经常只看到外表,就会给自己带来很多的烦恼和痛苦。有种种的烦恼和痛苦,就不能成为一个觉悟的人。

未死之前了生死

要成为觉悟的人,最起码要经过禅的修持,具备唤醒昏睡的真心、觉知一切言行、观照内心的世界、显露本具的心光、穿透的能力,有这五种能力,才能称作是觉悟的人。佛陀出生在这个世间、结婚生子生活在这个世间、修行在这个世间、成佛在这个世间,就是在教我们:我们过去生虽然迷迷糊糊,来到这一期生命,在学佛法以前,也是迷迷糊糊的,但是这些都没关系,只要这一期生命结束之前能觉悟,就能清清楚楚地知道自己死后要去那里。死,只不过是要回到我们来自的地方而已,死并不是结束。死,只不过是这一期生命中,生和死其中的一部分而已,欠缺生、死任何一部份,就不能构成完整的生命。所以,从生到死才是我们这一期生命的整体。

现在,我们透过禅的修持,自然就能具备这五种能力,现世就能觉悟,不必等死了以后才觉悟;更不必等到八苦交煎、死到临头时才想到要修行,那时就比较不容易修行和觉悟了。佛陀示现在人间,成道在人间,就是教我们在这期生命未结束前接受禅的修持,让自己具备这五种能力成为觉悟的人。能这样,在死之前就已经觉悟,对死,还有什么恐惧、好烦恼?因为透过禅的修持,你已经在未死之前,就体验到死后的宁静、知道死后要去的地方,自然视死如归。

所以,要让自己在这期生命结束前,就能够「去时觉」,在去之前就已经觉悟,只有透过禅的修持,才能让我们的内心世界,一步步具备这五种能力,这样,便能成为一个觉悟的人。

一个觉悟的人,不管什么时候,心都能像泉水一样,源源不断地流出清凉、喜悦、慈悲的法水。这时,就不必怕死后要去那里,也不必怕死后什么都没有,更不必怕死后还会不会受苦受难。当然,要拋掉对死亡的恐惧、害怕,一定要透过禅的修持,才能达到这个目标。

要去之前先开悟

「行香」,行是走路,香是表示一支香烧完的时间。从前的修行有坐香、行香,坐香是打坐的时间,行香是走路的时间。坐香和行香,表示静和动,都是修行的方法。古人打坐,坐一支香平均约四十五分钟到一个小时,因为从前没有时钟,才用烧香代替。

透过禅的修持,我们就能在这期生命结束前,和诸佛菩萨一样,成为彻底觉悟的人。这样,我们就能活得喜悦,就能真正将内心的烦恼和痛苦全部拋掉。透过禅修,就是使我们像倒墨水瓶一样,一次就把墨水倒干净、把墨水瓶洗干净,再放入干净的水。假定我们的心不能这样一次就倒干净、洗干净,还要找借口原谅自己,就会像倒墨水瓶,一天倒1%的墨水,又加入1%的清水,这样,这瓶墨水要到什么时候才能变干净呢?

要成为一个彻底觉悟的人,只有透过禅修,在渐修的过程中达到一个点,就像百尺竿头,更进一步,才能超越。超越才能顿悟;才能把墨水瓶一次倒干净。不要舍不得,也不要找借口。

寒暑假到如来禅蓬参加禅修的人,从小学生到大学生都有。每次禅修的报名,都是在二个月前就额满了,那些学过再回来参加的学生,没有超过百分之十五,大部分是旧生家长介绍来报名。我曾问一位家长:「奇怪!你儿子不来,为什么带邻居的小孩来?」他左右看一看,不敢说,等邻居去填表了,他才说:「师父啊!我跟你说:我的儿子没有那么坏,隔壁的小孩子比较坏,所以介绍他来修。」

每个人都有这样的心!找借口来原谅自己。当儿子跟父母说:「打坐很苦,像针在刺,像在地狱里。」父母马上说:「真的那么痛苦?其实你也没那么坏,就不要去了!让隔壁那个坏孩子先去。」我们的心就是这样,常常原谅自己:我没那么坏,是那个人那么坏,先来害我,我只不过是不时诅咒他,让他早点死而已!就是这样,找借口原谅自己。

透过禅的修持,是要我们不要找任何借口来原谅自己。这样,我们才能精进,真正拋掉对死亡的害怕、恐惧。我常常和年轻人说死亡,他们都觉得死亡太遥远了,还轮不到他,有什么好怕的?假定有一天,医生说你得了癌症,只剩三个月可活。想想,这三个月你要作什么?在家流泪?结果,流泪太多,还没死于癌症,就先失明了!或烦恼得吃不下饭,一吃胃就痛,结果,还没死于癌症,却先得了胃病。所以不要嘴硬,说自己对死亡都没恐惧,那一天宣布你要去了,看你会不会恐惧?

今天,我们能出生为人,有那么大的福报,又有慧根来听闻佛法,能学到正确的修持方法,就要好好把握生命,好好修行。在这一期生命未结束之前,得到大开悟。这样,无论什么时候要「去」,都不必害怕、不必烦恼。所以今天讲的「去时觉」,就是去之前要先开悟,这样,就不会害怕什么时候会死,连什么时候死也都不要紧了。

The mind is hard to check, swift, flits wherever it listeth: control it is good. A controlled mind is conducive to happiness.

-- The Buddha

Wednesday, 22 July 2020

Waiting. Waiting. For What?

by Reginald A. Ray

In our ordinary, daily lives, we are usually preoccupied with trying to be a certain kind of person and having a certain kind of life. We seek something that is comfortable, secure and gratifying. We try so hard to craft our lives toward this end because we are quite aware that under the surface a more real existence is going on. Sensing the danger and choicelessness of this, our genuine life, we hope that another life, one of our own fabrication, will be easier and less demanding.

In meditation, however, the veneer of this false life is gradually put aside and we come upon the fresh, unprecedented existence that was always with us. Meditation, then, can show us our true and genuine life, with its freedom, its abundant creativity, and its joy.

I would like to illustrate this theme by describing a group meditation retreat in which I recently participated. This was a thirty-one day meditation intensive held during the winter holiday break at Rocky Mountain Shambhala Center in the mountains of northern Colorado. Here is how it unfolded.

THE FIRST DHARMA IS SEEKING ONE'S GROUND

In mid-December, 150 people made their way to the retreat center up the steep mountain road from the plains below, driving gingerly over the snowpack and ice. In a program like this, the first experience is one of apprehensive uncertainty and the first “dharma,” or teaching, is trying to establish one’s ground and security within the new situation.

Everyone found where they were supposed to sleep, unpacked their gear, and went through an orientation. They located their seat in the meditation hall, which is situated in an upland valley of meadows and aspen groves surrounded by mountains.

Our physical space established, we began to meditate and found ourselves quickly setting up our psychological ground — our customary preoccupations, our familiar hopes and fears, our habitual patterns of experiencing (and avoiding) our world.

The last aspect of finding our ground was wanting to know what was expected of us and wanting to “get it right” — taking the right sitting posture, adapting to the discipline of not speaking, practicing mindfulness of breathing during our sits, and adhering to the rigorous schedule of meditation from before dawn into the evening. Gradually, we began to feel secure within our new situation.

THE SECOND DHARMA IS CLAUSTROPHOBIA 

But security, when it is well-established, can quickly turn into a claustrophobic prison, particularly if there are no distractions to provide diversion. Without a lot of opportunity to move around, muscles seemed perpetually sore, rear ends ached, and our neighbors’ close proximity became uncomfortable and irritating. Restricted as we were for hours on end to our small, rectangular mats, with only infrequent opportunities for walking meditation, the sense of being hemmed in gradually increased.

Beyond this, the meditation itself — simply paying attention to the breath — added to the feeling of claustrophobia. At times, we felt unbearably confined and constricted: just this aching body, just this room, just this mat, just this breath, just this discomfort. Periodically overcome by resistance to our experience, we might momentarily escape by thinking, “I could leave right now.”

Over time, without anything else to do, we began to suspect that the practice does not get rid of unwanted experience so much as clarify it so that we know, beyond any doubt, what we are going through. With alternative routes cut off, we began to pay closer attention to the feeling of confinement and hot frustration. And, without hardly realizing it, we began to explore it.

THE THIRD DHARMA IS SILENCE AND SPACE

After a certain period of time — perhaps around the end of the first week, or was it the second week? — a subtle shift occurred in the meditation hall. Ever so gradually, the environment within which we felt so claustrophobic began to make itself known.

This grew in stages. In the beginning, when we entered the room for the first morning sit, we might sense the utter stillness of the place, before dropping into our habitual world of thoughts. Later, we would be sitting, churning through another obsessive fantasy, and we might suddenly become aware of the silence surrounding our mental activity. Later still, perhaps at the end of the day, completely worn out by the compulsive activity of the discursive mind and with the effort of returning endlessly to the breath, we might just give up and find ourselves sitting in perfect stillness, aware of the soft breathing of the meditators around, the flickering light of the candles in the room, and the sound of wind hissing gently in the pines outside.

The more we felt the silence of the meditation hall, the more it seemed this was not ordinary silence. Usually silence is an uncomfortable gap between thoughts, an awkward hiatus between words in a conversation, an irritating interruption of our projects. But the silence in this room was different: it had depth and completeness, and it was utterly satisfying. It was as if, within this profound stillness, nothing had ever happened and nothing needed to happen. And yet at the same time, it was open and unobstructed, providing all the room in the world for anything that any of us might go through. The silence was not ordinary in another way: it was not an absence of anything, but rather alive, vibrant and awake. In fact, it seemed inseparable from awareness itself.

Somewhere in here, we began to experience a reversal of perspectives. In the first days of the retreat, we felt unnaturally jammed into this tiny space with all these other unsettling and irritating people. Much time was spent longing for the wide open spaces of the world outside and all its enticements and distractions. But now the space within the meditation hall gradually began to feel much bigger than all the territory of the world outside. For here we were utterly free to feel our own existence and to explore the boundless territory of our own experience — this in contrast to the suffocation of the outside world with its endless repetition of compulsive patterns where nothing fresh or new can occur.

Such unfathomable, endless space implies solitude. One afternoon as the snow, driven by gusts of wind, swirled and rapped against the windows, I felt that in some very real sense, everyone in this shrine room was utterly alone. It was as if each of us were a galaxy unto him or herself, slowing revolving in space. Between each of us and the next person was a vast and unbreachable gulf. Each of us was making some kind of solitary journey and over there, light years away, was another galaxy slowly going through its own mysterious life.

THE FOURTH DHARMA IS LAUGHTER AND TEARS

The dharma is silence, but the dharma is also laughter and tears. Within the boundless, empty space of this room, periodically laughter would erupt. Perhaps someone could not bear the endless silence any more and, with nervous and shallow giggling, would force an interruption within the seamless expanse. Or perhaps something really funny would occur: a bird might perch momentarily on a window, tap the pane with its beak as if to say, “Is anyone in there?” and fly away. Then the laughter would be spontaneous and joyful, because we had all witnessed a moment of life’s unexpected magic.

The Buddha’s dharma is also tears. Someone across the room would fall into barely audible weeping. At first, there might be irritation that our meditation was being interrupted. But this could not help but turn to sympathy for grief that could not be contained. Finally, it might seem that one’s dharma brother or sister was expressing the grief of all beings everywhere, caught in cycles of pain and confusion and not knowing how to manage.

At one such moment, I thought of Buddha Shakyamuni who, after his enlightenment, surveyed the world and saw beings everywhere wailing with the torment and misery of their condition. At that moment, so it is said, his heart burst forth in compassion. All of us hearing the quiet weeping felt our hearts melt. Touched by the bravery of a fellow practitioner who was willing to show, just a little, the pain of his or her journey, we could only let go of our self-preoccupation and let our minds fall into tender stillness.

THE FIFTH DHARMA IS SEEING HOW OUR TRUE EXISTENCE COMES FROM WAITING

In the silence and vast spaces of retreat, we discovered another way to live. Here we found the truth, at first unwelcome, that the central experience of the retreat was waiting — waiting for a turn in the bathroom, waiting for a delayed lunch, waiting for the next gong to ring so we could walk, waiting for the gong to end walking so we could sit again, waiting for the end of the sitting, waiting to be able to return to sitting, waiting, during the inevitable sleepless nights, for the dawn and yet not wanting it to come.

Overall, we were waiting — in vain, it turned out — to find the “thread” of the program, its truth, its reality, its ground. Most of all, there was the waiting that is the heart of meditation: following the breath and waiting. Waiting for what? Just waiting, waiting without end, as a way of being.

Over the course of the month, one could not help suspecting that the kind of waiting we were experiencing was somehow a gateway to our lives. By waiting, our unexpected life, our true life, could make itself known to us. Suzuki Roshi says, “True existence appears from emptiness. Our true existence comes from emptiness and goes back again into emptiness.”

When our life emerges strictly from our conscious intentions, there is not much of a journey to be made. But when we can realise the inapplicability of our ideas about who we are and what we need to be — our “non-existence,” in Buddhist terms — then our genuine life can disclose itself unimpeded.

THE SIXTH DHARMA IS THE SANGHA, THE COMMUNITY 

The retreat was, despite its 150 participants, an experience of aloneness, of coming fully into the solitary journey that is our true life. But because of that, it was also an experience of intimacy and community. It was an expression of intimacy to suffer through hours of silent sitting with dharma brothers and sisters and to experience their unchecked laughter and tears. It was an intimate experience to catch a glimpse of naked anxiety, grief or joy in the face of another. What a surprise that, in the midst of such an intensely solitary and silent journey, a strong and genuine sense of community could spring up of its own accord.

Intensive meditation retreats can thus show us, in a relatively brief period, how profound and intense our life wants to be. Utterly beyond sentimentality, beyond anything special or specific at all, such retreats push us to a nakedness of experience that we ordinarily fear. Attempting to secure one’s ground, the receding horizon of the “healthy ego” everyone talks about, is not to be abhorred; it is the first stage of practice. From that emerges an experience of claustrophobic imprisonment within our own habitual patterns.

This disquieting and often depressing experience gives birth to inspiration for the openness offered by meditation practice. Over time, this leads gradually, even imperceptibly, to an experience of stillness and space that surrounds and holds our neurotic struggling. As we continue our practice, we come to discover this underlying silence as awareness itself, and we begin to identify with it more and more fully.

Through this process, we begin to learn how to wait, in emptiness, for the emergence of our true life. We discover genuine intimacy with our fellow practitioners and, eventually, with all sentient beings, and experience the birth of true compassion. We find ourselves increasingly able to remain in the profundity and intensity of our true lives, even in our most mundane, day-to-day activities. In this way, intensive group meditation retreats can disclose to us the lifelong, dharmic process we are engaged in, deepening our experience of the journey and showing us the end, even in the very beginning.